现在很多网站都会有这样的组合搜索功能，其实质是几个模型之间组合对数据库进行查询，并将结果显示到页面上。

每一行都是一个模型，模型之间有着连表关系（一对多、多对多等）

模型设计

  • 总共四个模型：分别为方向、分类、等级以及存储结果信息
  • 一个方向下可以有多个分类，一个分类也可以是多个方向（多对多）
  • 一个分类可以有多个视频（一对多）
  • 一个等级下也可以有多个视频（一对多）
  1. from django.db import models
  3. class Direction(models.Model):
  4. """方向：自动化、测试、运维、前端"""
  5. name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)
  6. classification = models.ManyToManyField('Classification')
  8. class Meta:
  9. db_table = 'Direction'
  10. verbose_name_plural = '方向（视频方向）' # 模型的复数形式，若不指定则在后面加一个 s
  12. def __str__(self):
  13. return self.name
  15. class Classification(models.Model):
  16. """分类：Python、Linux、JavaScript、OpenStack、Node.js、C"""
  17. name = models.CharField(verbose_name='名称', max_length=32)
  19. class Meta:
  20. db_table = 'Classification'
  21. verbose_name_plural = '分类（视频分类）'
  23. def __str__(self):
  24. return self.name
  26. class Level(models.Model):
  27. """等级：初级、中级、高级、骨灰级"""
  28. title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  30. class Meta:
  31. verbose_name_plural = '难度级别'
  33. def __str__(self):
  34. return self.title
  36. class Video(models.Model):
  37. status_choice = (
  38. (1, '下线'),
  39. (2, '上线'),
  40. )
  42. status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='状态', choices=status_choice, default=1)
  43. level = models.ForeignKey('Level', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  44. classification = models.ForeignKey('Classification', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  46. weight = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='权重（从大到小排列）', default=0)
  48. title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
  49. summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='简介', max_length=100)
  51. # 也可以用 ImgField 或 FileField 存储图片，而不是 CharField，但是要指定存储路径
  52. # img = models.ImgField(verbose_name='图片', upload_to='app/static/app/video')
  53. img = models.CharField(verbose_name='图片', max_length=200)
  54. href = models.CharField(verbose_name='视频地址', max_length=256)
  56. create_data = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  58. class Meta:
  59. db_table = 'Video'
  60. verbose_name_plural = '视频'
  62. def __str__(self):
  63. return self.title

URlconf 配置

urlconf 配置采用的是二级路由，即应用本身创建

urls.py

：

  1. # project/urls.py
  2. from django.contrib import admin
  3. from django.urls import path, include
  5. urlpatterns = [
  6. path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
  7. path('app/', include('app.urls')),
  8. ]
  10. # app/urls.py
  11. from django.urls import path
  12. from app import views
  14. urlpatterns = [
  15. path('video/<int:classification_id>/<int:level_id>/<int:status>/', views.video, name='video'),
  16. path('video2/<int:direction_id>/<int:classification_id>/<int:level_id>/', views.video2, name='video2'),
  17. ]

一对多

一对多关系中主要是视频信息与分类、等级之间的关系操作。

视图函数

函数接收三个额外参数，分别为：分类

classification

id、等级

level

id 以及状态

status

id。根据这三个参数构造查询条件（

filter()

函数本身是支持字典形式查询的）。


Tips


condition

构造的查询条件是字典形式，其键

key

应与数据表中相应字段对应，如：

classification_id

为模型

Video

与

Classification

的外键字段名。

  1. from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
  2. from app.models import Level, Classification, Direction, Video
  4. def video(request, *args, **kwargs):
  5. print(args, kwargs) # () {'classification_id': 1, 'level_id': 2}
  7. # 构造查询条件
  8. condition = {
  9. # 'classification_id': 0,
  10. # 'level_id': 0
  11. }
  13. # 当 kwargs = {'classification_id': 0, 'level_id': 0} 时，condition = {}，
  14. # Video.objects.filter(**condition) 能把所有的都查出来
  15. # 当 kwargs = {'classification_id': 1, 'level_id': 1} 时，condition = {'classification_id': 1, 'level_id': 1}
  16. # filter() 支持字典格式
  17. # 将其转换为整数
  18. for k, v in kwargs.items():
  19. temp = int(v)
  20. kwargs[k] = temp
  21. if temp:
  22. condition[k] = temp
  24. class_list = Classification.objects.all()
  25. level_list = Level.objects.all()
  27. # 查询数据
  28. video_list = Video.objects.filter(**condition)
  30. """
  31. status_choice = (
  32. (1, '下线'),
  33. (2, '上线'),
  34. )
  35. """
  36. # status_list：[{'id': 1, 'name': '下线'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '上线'}]
  37. status_list = list(map(lambda x: {'id': x[0], 'name': x[1]}, Video.status_choice))
  39. return render(
  40. request,
  41. 'app/video.html',
  42. {
  43. 'kwargs': kwargs,
  44. 'class_list': class_list,
  45. 'level_list': level_list,
  46. 'video_list': video_list,
  47. 'status_list': status_list
  48. }
  49. )

模板

  1. {% load static %}
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html lang="en">
  4. <head>
  5. <meta charset="UTF-8">
  6. <title>视频</title>
  7. <style type="text/css">
  8. .box1 a{
  9. display: inline-block;
  10. padding: 5px 8px;
  11. border: 1px solid #dddddd;
  12. }
  14. .box1 a.active{
  15. background-color: coral;
  16. color: white;
  17. }
  19. </style>
  20. </head>
  21. <body>
  22. <div class="box1">
  23. <h1>筛选</h1>
  24. <!--分类-->
  25. <div>
  26. {% if kwargs.classification_id == 0 %}
  27. <a class="active" href="/app/video/0/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}">全部</a>
  28. {% else %}
  29. <a href="/app/video/0/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}">全部</a>
  30. {% endif %}
  32. {% for class in class_list %}
  33. {% if class.id == kwargs.classification_id %}
  34. <a href="/app/video/{{ class.id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}" class="active">{{ class.name }}</a>
  36. {% else %}
  37. <a href="/app/video/{{ class.id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}">{{ class.name }}</a>
  38. {% endif %}
  40. {% endfor %}
  42. </div>
  44. <!--等级-->
  45. <div>
  46. {% if kwargs.level_id == 0 %}
  47. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/0/{{ kwargs.status }}" class="active">全部</a>
  48. {% else %}
  49. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/0/{{ kwargs.status }}">全部</a>
  50. {% endif %}
  52. {% for level in level_list %}
  53. {% if level.id == kwargs.level_id %}
  54. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ level.id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}" class="active">{{ level.title }}</a>
  55. {% else %}
  56. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ level.id }}/{{ kwargs.status }}">{{ level.title }}</a>
  57. {% endif %}
  58. {% endfor %}
  60. </div>
  62. <!--状态-->
  63. <div>
  64. {% if kwargs.status == 0 %}
  65. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/0" class="active">全部</a>
  66. {% else %}
  67. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/0">全部</a>
  68. {% endif %}
  70. {% for status in status_list %}
  71. {% if status.id == kwargs.status %}
  72. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ status.id }}" class="active">{{ status.name }}</a>
  73. {% else %}
  74. <a href="/app/video/{{ kwargs.classification_id }}/{{ kwargs.level_id }}/{{ status.id }}">{{ status.name }}</a>
  75. {% endif %}
  76. {% endfor %}
  78. </div>
  79. </div>
  81. <div>
  82. <h1>结果</h1>
  83. <div>
  84. {% for video in video_list %}
  85. <p>{{ video.title }}</p>
  86. <img src="{{ video.href }}">
  87. {% endfor %}
  89. </div>
  90. </div>
  92. </body>
  93. </html>

多对多

多对多关系中主要是方向与分类之间的关系操作。

视图函数

  1. from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
  2. from app.models import Level, Classification, Direction, Video
  4. def video2(request, *args, **kwargs):
  5. """
  6. 多对多："方向-分类
  7. 方向：自动化、测试、运维、前端
  8. 分类：Python、Linux、JavaScript、OpenStack、Node.js、C
  9. 等级：初级、中级、高级、骨灰级
  10. """
  11. print(kwargs) # {'direction_id': 1, 'classification_id': 4, 'level_id': 2}
  12. direction_id = kwargs.get('direction_id')
  13. classification_id = kwargs.get('classification_id')
  14. level_id = kwargs.get('level_id')
  15. condition = {} # 条件 构造查询字典
  17. # 方向：全部列举
  18. direction_list = Direction.objects.all()
  20. # 若方向为 0，则分类显示全部
  21. if direction_id == 0:
  22. # 若分类也为 0，分类显示全部
  23. class_list = Classification.objects.all()
  24. if classification_id == 0:
  25. pass
  26. else:
  27. condition['classification_id'] = classification_id
  29. # 若方向不为 0，则根据方向查询分类
  30. else:
  31. direction_obj = Direction.objects.filter(id=direction_id)[0]
  32. class_list = direction_obj.classification.all() # 根据多对多名字+方向的ID，获取相应分类列表
  33. # < QuerySet[ < Classification: Python >, < Classification: Linux >] >
  35. # 根据方向 id 获取分类的 id 列表
  36. vlist = direction_obj.classification.all().values_list('id') # < QuerySet[(1,), (5,)] >
  38. # 若哪个方向下没有分类
  39. if not vlist:
  40. classification_id_list = []
  41. else:
  42. # 转换为元组
  43. classification_id_list = list(zip(*vlist))[0] # (1, 5)
  45. # 若分类为 0，则显示相应分类
  46. if classification_id == 0:
  47. condition['classification_id__in'] = classification_id_list
  48. else:
  49. if classification_id in classification_id_list:
  50. condition['classification_id'] = classification_id
  51. else:
  52. condition['classification_id__in'] = classification_id_list
  54. if level_id == 0:
  55. pass
  56. else:
  57. condition['level_id'] = level_id
  59. # 等级：全部列举
  60. level_list = Level.objects.all()
  61. video_list = Video.objects.filter(**condition)
  63. return render(
  64. request,
  65. 'app/video2.html',
  66. {
  67. 'direction_list': direction_list,
  68. 'level_list': level_list,
  69. 'kwargs': kwargs,
  70. 'video_list': video_list,
  71. 'class_list': class_list
  72. }
  73. )

模板

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4. <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5. <title>多对多和一对多</title>
  6. <style type="text/css">
  7. .box1 a {
  8. display: inline-block;
  9. padding: 5px 8px;
  10. border: 1px solid #dddddd;
  11. }
  13. .box1 a.active {
  14. background-color: coral;
  15. color: white;
  16. }
  17. </style>
  18. </head>
  19. <body>
  20. <div class="box1">
  21. <h1>筛选</h1>
  22. <!--方向-->
  23. <div>
  24. {% if kwargs.direction_id == 0 %}
  25. <a class="active" href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=0 classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">全部</a>
  26. {% else %}
  27. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=0 classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">全部</a>
  28. {% endif %}
  30. {% for direction in direction_list %}
  31. {% if direction.id == kwargs.direction_id %}
  32. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=direction.id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}" class="active">{{ direction.name }}</a>
  33. {% else %}
  34. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=direction.id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">{{ direction.name }}</a>
  35. {% endif %}
  36. {% endfor %}
  38. </div>
  40. <!--分类-->
  41. <div>
  42. {% if kwargs.classification_id == 0 %}
  43. <a class="active" href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=0 level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">全部</a>
  44. {% else %}
  45. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=0 level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">全部</a>
  46. {% endif %}
  48. {% for class in class_list %}
  49. {% if class.id == kwargs.classification_id %}
  50. <a class="active" href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=class.id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">{{ class.name }}</a>
  51. {% else %}
  52. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=class.id level_id=kwargs.level_id %}">{{ class.name }}</a>
  53. {% endif %}
  54. {% endfor %}
  56. </div>
  58. <!--等级-->
  59. <div>
  60. {% if kwargs.level_id == 0 %}
  61. <a class="active" href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=0 %}">全部</a>
  62. {% else %}
  63. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=0 %}">全部</a>
  64. {% endif %}
  66. {% for level in level_list %}
  67. {% if level.id == kwargs.level_id %}
  68. <a class="active" href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=level.id %}">{{ level.title }}</a>
  69. {% else %}
  70. <a href="{% url 'video2' direction_id=kwargs.direction_id classification_id=kwargs.classification_id level_id=level.id %}">{{ level.title }}</a>
  71. {% endif %}
  72. {% endfor %}
  73. </div>
  74. </div>
  76. <div>
  77. <h1>结果</h1>
  78. {% for video in video_list %}
  79. <p>{{ video.title }}</p>
  80. {% endfor %}
  81. </div>
  82. </body>
  83. </html>


参考博客

  • Django之组合查询
  • django实现瀑布流、组合搜索、阶梯评论、验证码